健康城市视角下应对突发公共事件的城市设计策略

 结合中国城市应对新冠肺炎疫情的成功经验及缺憾，以创造健康、宜居、韧性、生态的城市环境为目标，设计“区域-系统-节点”三类健康城市设计路径；提出“生态健康-生活健康-治愈健康-环境健康-设施健康-救治健康”六位一体应对突发公共事件的城市设计策略，并细化为健康城市在城市空间上的形象化设计表达。     

基于满意度的“智慧公厕”构建与管理研究以重庆主城区为例

2015年习总书记做出"公厕革命"的重要批示以来,"公厕革命"所取得的成就有目共睹.而随着物联网、信息技术的发展,"公厕革命"的意义内涵也有着深刻的变化.本研究以重庆市主城区公厕为例,通过问卷调查法提取了8个影响公厕满意度的主要因素.采用解释结构了模型方法构建影响公厕满意度的结构模型.根据结构模型对各因素进行了解释和分析,得出了各因素之间的联系.以提高满意度为目的,从保洁质量、环境质量、维修响应速度、设施维修质量、公共物资充足5个方面构建了"智慧公厕",运用"互联网+"思维赋予公厕智慧元素,从而让公厕更具魅力,更从容地融入到现代化服务当中来.     

同城即时配送问题基于多预测场景的在线调度

同城即时配送是随现代电子商务而产生的新问题,该问题呈现出极强的动态性与求解时间的紧迫性,并具有商户与顾客一对多的关系、车辆需要多次往返商户取货、货物取送有时效要求等诸多新特征,无法依赖现有研究而求解.针对这一问题,建立了基于多预测场景的在线优化调度方法,将带有预测订单的多个场景整合到路线规划过程,通过每个场景的方案计算,以及多场景方案的整合,得到了车辆赖以运行的集成方案,提高了调度方案面对未来不确定需求的适应性;所建立的调度系统在新订单进入时立即响应,在系统闲置时则采用大邻域搜索技术不断优化未完成的任务方案.最后,在具有200～300个日订单的大连市某同城即时配送公司的真实数据上,验证了在线调度方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于空地协同采样的植被覆盖度随机森林估算方法

基于无人机高光谱影像, 建立地形复杂地区植被覆盖度的非参数随机森林回归估算模型。为获得构建随机森林模型所需的足够数量的训练样本, 利用低空无人机搭载的光学相机, 在从地面难以到达的山地、水域和植被茂密区, 通过垂直拍摄获得厘米分辨率的航拍影像, 作为对地面样方采样的补充。首先计算地面数码相机照片和无人机可见光影像的红绿蓝植被指数(red-green-blue vegetation index, RGBVI), 然后使用大津分割法提取样方的植被覆盖信息, 得到构建模型所需的训练样本。在此基础上, 基于2018年8月16—18日在内蒙古自治区察右中旗油娄沟矿区获取的GaiaSky-mini2无人机高光谱影像数据, 利用递归特征消除算法优选参与随机森林回归的特征变量集, 利用空地协同获取的训练样本构建植被覆盖度的随机森林回归估算模型。该模型在测试集上的确定系数R2为0.923, 均方根误差为0.087, 优于常用的像元二分模型, 可用于矿区植被动态信息的精细化监测。     

Capybaras (Rodentia: Cavidae) in highlands: environmental variables related to distribution,and herbivory effects on a common plant species

The capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris is one of the largest and most widely distributed herbivores in the Neotropical lowlands. However, as yet, there are no records of its occurrence in highland environments. Our aim was to evaluate the environmental variables related to the capybara’s distribution and monitor the effects of its herbivory on the individuals and on the reproductive phenology of A. polyanthus, a common and important plant species of the high-altitude grasslands. Our results show that capybaras frequently occur in the high-altitude grasslands along the Campo Belo River, but they avoid waterlogged areas, occurring more frequently on the dry rocky areas. Capybara herbivory affected the number of A. polyanthus rosettes in flower, leading to the presence of inflorescence formation anomalies. High-altitude grasslands apparently provide capybaras with the three main components (food, shelter and water) required for their occurrence. However, although they seem to present a seasonal feeding strategy, which also happens in lowlands, their avoidance of the waterlogged areas suggests that in highlands the species may present different environmental preferences from those presented in lowlands. In addition, the impact of capybaras’ herbivory on A. polyanthus individuals indicates the potential impact that capybaras can represent on the plant community of the high-altitude grasslands. This appears to be a great opportunity to study the effect of the arrival of a large herbivore in a new environment and possible impacts on plant assemblages.     

建成环境对体力活动的影响研究进展

 建成环境影响体力活动，进而作用于人群健康。基于Web of Science和中国知网等文献数据库，以建成环境（built environment）、体力活动（physical activity）、步行性（walkability）等关键词检索近年来的相关文献，探讨建成环境和体力活动的相关概念、影响机制。对体力活动产生影响的建成环境要素按照“二维空间要素”和“三维空间要素”分类总结，辨析了研究进展，提出了研究展望。未来研究需关注使用者的空间感知，深入讨论三维空间要素；运用大数据与小数据相结合的方法，展开基于个体时空行为的精细化研究；同时需关注体力活动在建成环境、空气污染等多种因素影响下的综合健康效应。     

基于低碳理念的鄂州市城市土地集约利用评价

结合国内外低碳土地利用的研究背景和实践,分析出不同土地利用方式碳排放效应,并对城市土地低碳化与集约化利用进行定性与定量分析,并采用鄂州市实际构建低碳理念下城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,对鄂州市2000-2013年土地利用状况进行分析评价.由此,总结鄂州市再加入低碳因素后土地集约利用的变化规律,并提出相关建议.     

武汉市城乡建设用地增减挂钩实施缘由及效果分析

本文通过对武汉市当前的土地利用状况进行分析,着重探讨了武汉市城市建设用地无序扩张的原因和方式,进而引出城乡建设用地增减挂钩这一政策,总结武汉市实施这一政策以来所产生的积极作用和这一政策的经验总结.探讨城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策实施以来对武汉市城乡建设用地合理利用的作用以及对促进土地集约利用和改变农村面貌的重要积极作用.文章综合运用了相关分析法和图表数据,得出的结论是武汉市城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策的实施不仅有效的解决了城市建设用地紧张的问题,而且还对于促进城乡建设用地节约集约利用、促进农村土地规模利用、改善农村的生产生活状况、促进新农村的建设都产生了积极的作用.     

Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar

Madagascar hosts a high diversity of amphibians estimated at over 500 species, nearly all of them endemic. Surprisingly few data are available on the activity cycles of this fauna, despite its importance for ecological, evolutionary and conservation research. Here we report the results of a year-round survey of amphibians along a transect bordering the Analamazaotra forest near Andasibe in central eastern Madagascar. During 120 transect walks evenly spaced through the year, a total of 2530 individuals of 40 species of anurans was observed. Abundance was higher during the warm/rainy season (December to April) and peaked in February. Of the five climatic predictors measured, only mean temperature and relative humidity showed high importance values, and multi-model averages indicate that these two variables have a strong effect on amphibian abundance along the transect. Species richness showed no evident peak during the study period and was best explained by a model including average temperature and rainfall. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that Boophis sibilans, B. tephraeomystax, B. boehmei and Plethodontohyla notosticta were more frequently encountered along the transect on cold and humid days while Plethodontohyla mihanika, Gephyromantis boulengeri and Spinomantis aglavei were distinctly more abundant on cold and dry days, and Paradoxophyla palmata on warm and dry days. The results of our study flag a number of species as suitable candidates for future monitoring initiatives and suggest that a simple combination of visual and acoustic surveys can estimate amphibian activity with high sample sizes in Madagascar’s rainforests.